Waikato Bay of Plenty Harness Inc
Friday, 28 March
Meeting: Waikato Flying Miles (WAIKATO FLYING MILES)
Last updated 27/03/2025 at 14:40 pm
- Race Number:
- Race 1
- Race Time:
betcha TROT
$15,000, NON-WINNERS 3YO & OLDER, 2200m
For 3yo-&-older trotters.
| Notifiable Gear Changes: Final Approach: RD-Off, FD-On, Monaro Meg: FD-Off, RD-On, Terabyte: BL-Off Legend |
- Breeding:
- 3 b g Love You-Dreamkeeper(by Muscle Hill)
- Owners:
- D W McGowan, E J Edwards MNZM
- Breeder:
- E J Edwards MNZM
- Comment:
- Mistakes let him down in Auckland debut. Manners will be key. Rough claims.
Starts
1
Wins
0
Seconds
0
Thirds
0
Lifetime Stakes
$350
Winning Stakes
$0
Win Dividend
$0.00
Place Dividend
$0.00
| Starts | Wins | Placings | Starts | Wins | Placings | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Weather | 1 | 0 | 0 | All Weather Slushy | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grass | 0 | 0 | 0 | Grass Wet | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Course | 0 | 0 | 0 | Distance | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Favourite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2nd Favourite | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mobile | 0 | 0 | 0 | Standing | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Left | 0 | 0 | 0 | Right | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Fresh90 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Fresh30 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Race Starts
T Hanara
1st up
3YO+, NON-WINNERS with cond. SpecHcp TROT Stand
2200m
Fast
8/8
Illicit Love
MR:2-06.1
59.6
17L
Brk,3rd inr,3-bk,trld,chkd/brk,done
MEMORIES - broke briefly at the start. Checked and broke passing the 1200m hampering trailing runners losing considerable ground.
T Hanara
NON-WINNERS MR48 TROT Stand
2200m
Fast
Kaipaki Jack
MR:2-10.4
59.7
T Hanara
NON-WINNERS MR50 TROT Stand
2500m
Fast
Terabyte
MR:2-15.9
61.4
- Breeding:
- 3 b g What The Hill-Escapee(by Sundon) [Alcatraz 8g(Majestic Son), Isolate 5m(Father Patrick), La Reina Del Sur 7m(Father Patrick)]
- Owners:
- T G Casey, Lincoln Farms Bloodstock Ltd, Ms K Marriott
- Breeder:
- T G Casey
- Comment:
- Mixed his gait in both appearances to date. Still learning his craft. Danger.
Starts
2
Wins
0
Seconds
0
Thirds
0
Lifetime Stakes
$560
Winning Stakes
$0
Win Dividend
$0.00
Place Dividend
$0.00
| Starts | Wins | Placings | Starts | Wins | Placings | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Weather | 2 | 0 | 0 | All Weather Slushy | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grass | 0 | 0 | 0 | Grass Wet | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Course | 0 | 0 | 0 | Distance | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Favourite | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2nd Favourite | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mobile | 0 | 0 | 0 | Standing | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Left | 0 | 0 | 0 | Right | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Fresh90 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Fresh30 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Race Starts
M McKendry
7 days
2nd up
3YO+ R40 to R55 DiscrHcp TROT Stand
2700m
Fast
5/4
Jasinova
MR:2-03.6
58.5
113L
Mixed gait early,brkn up,out of it
WHATS UP THE HILL - switched to a pace shortly after the start losing all chance.
M McKendry
1st up
3YO+, NON-WINNERS with cond. SpecHcp TROT Stand
2200m
Fast
1/3
Shes All Legs
MR:2-08.1
63.1
5th,4-bk inr,off,4th top,paced (dq)
WHATS UP THE HILL - slow early. Paced from the 100m. Stewards lodged a protest against 4th placing being awarded under Rule 870(3) and the Breaking Horses Regulation in that the gelding was not in the correct gait over the concluding stages. After viewing the replays connections did not contest the protest and WHATS UP THE HILL was disqualified by Stewards.
M McKendry
QUAL' TROT Stand
2500m
Fast
Jumping Jake Flash
MR:2-11.3
62.1
M McKendry
NON-WINNERS MR40 to MR50 Wk. TROT Stand
2500m
Fast
Terabyte
MR:2-14.1
63.8
3434X22Stash The Cash
- Breeding:
- 5 b m Imperial Count-Monaro Miss(by Wrestle) [Monaro Mako 7g(Imperial Count), Monaro Maro 9m(Superfast Stuart), Monaro Mia 10m(Imperial Count)]
- Owners:
- Mrs J E Ferguson, Coulam Syndicate, L Magorrian, R M Hutchings, Ferguson Racing's Monaro Meg Syndicate, B J Hodson, J S Croy, Q Poole, Mrs L Harris, Off N Racing Monaro Meg Syndicate
- Breeder:
- M J Wharton, Mrs H L Wharton
- Gear:
- FD-Off, RD-On
- Comment:
- Hasn't been too far from the action since move north. Quinella's-First4's.
Starts
31
Wins
0
Seconds
6
Thirds
3
Lifetime Stakes
$21,239
Winning Stakes
$0
Win Dividend
$0.00
Place Dividend
$0.59
| Starts | Wins | Placings | Starts | Wins | Placings | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Weather | 20 | 0 | 5 | All Weather Slushy | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Grass | 11 | 0 | 4 | Grass Wet | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Course | 2 | 0 | 1 | Distance | 7 | 0 | 3 |
| Favourite | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2nd Favourite | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Mobile | 0 | 0 | 0 | Standing | 31 | 0 | 9 |
| Left | 29 | 0 | 8 | Right | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Fresh90 | 3 | 0 | 1 | Fresh30 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
Race Starts (Last 10)
P Ferguson
7 days
8th up
NON-WINNERS with cond. SpecHcp TROT Stand
2200m
Good
2/1
Light O Love
MR:2-08.6
62.7
2L
Ld,trld 1700,3-bk,1x1,wd 400,tried
MONARO MEG - over-raced middle stages.
D Ferguson
7 days
7th up
NON-WINNERS TROT Stand
2200m
Good
1/1
Boss Jo
MR:2-09.2
61.7
1.8L
Manners to dictate,reeled in 100m
MONARO MEG - lay outwards racing through the straights and in particular the run home despite the efforts of Driver D Ferguson. When questioned regarding the performance Mr Ferguson advised the mare had received every opportunity.
D Ferguson
11 days
6th up
NON-WINNERS & Up to R40 with cond. SpecHcp TROT Stand
2500m
Good
2/2
Mr Monty
MR:2-10.0
62.5
0.3L
Ld out,trld 1400,off top,stern bid
MONARO MEG - over-raced middle stages.
D Ferguson
7 days
5th up
NON-WINNERS 3YO+ TROT Stand
2200m
Fast
1/1
Hayley Mhor
MR:2-11.7
60.2
5.8L
Brk,6th inr,prkd,cvr 800,prkd,bttld
MONARO MEG - broke at the start losing ground. When questioned regarding the performance Co-Trainer/Driver D Ferguson advised that he was disappointed with the effort.
D Ferguson
44 days
4th up
3YO+, NON-WINNERS with cond. SpecHcp TROT Stand
2200m
Fast
3/3
Travelin Soldier
MR:2-05.8
59.0
2.7L
Ld out,trld 1600,off 300,tried hard
MONARO MEG - lay in on the turns and out racing through the straights.
G O'Reilly
10 days
3rd up
NON-WINNERS TROT Stand
2600m
Easy
4/2
Silvester
MR:2-10.5
60.7
6.2L
Brk,11th,6bk inr,4bk otr,sound inr
MONARO MEG - broke at the start losing ground. Weakened final bend.
G O'Reilly
18 days
2nd up
NON-WINNERS 2YO+ TROT Stand
2170m
Good
6/5
Lindy's Rocket
MR:2-11.1
62.3
4.8L
Up,ld-4bk inr,prkd 1100,chkd,honest
MONARO MEG - hampered by a breaking runner near the 500m.
M Heenan
NON-WINNERS MR35 & faster MOB. PACE
2300m
Good
Seaside Fantasy
MR:2-13.2
63.6
G O'Reilly
94 days
1st up
NON-WINNERS 3YO+ TROT Stand
2000m
Good
5/4
Niamh
MR:2-22.6
62.3
0.3L
Soon trail,out turn,loond,tidy
MONARO MEG - fractious prior to the start. Hampered by a breaking runner shortly after the start.
G O'Reilly
NON-WINNERS MR35 & faster TROT Stand
2400m
Good
Playoffs
MR:2-27.2
66.0
- Breeding:
- 3 b g Majestic Son-Broadband(by Muscles Yankee) [Kiss My Pixel 5m(Father Patrick), Megaband 4g(Father Patrick), Wy Fi 6g(Love You)]
- Owners:
- Breckon Racing Syndicate, G F Bond
- Breeder:
- Breckon Farms Ltd
- Gear:
- BL-Off
- Comment:
- Blew the start in Auckland debut carrying a modicum of support. Can make amends.
Starts
1
Wins
0
Seconds
0
Thirds
0
Lifetime Stakes
$350
Winning Stakes
$0
Win Dividend
$0.00
Place Dividend
$0.00
| Starts | Wins | Placings | Starts | Wins | Placings | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Weather | 1 | 0 | 0 | All Weather Slushy | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grass | 0 | 0 | 0 | Grass Wet | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Course | 0 | 0 | 0 | Distance | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Favourite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2nd Favourite | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mobile | 0 | 0 | 0 | Standing | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Left | 0 | 0 | 0 | Right | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Fresh90 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Fresh30 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Race Starts
A Herlihy
1st up
3YO+, NON-WINNERS with cond. SpecHcp TROT Stand
2200m
Fast
3/4
Illicit Love
MR:2-06.1
59.6
41L
Botched the start,never a live hope
TERABYTE - broke at the start losing considerable ground.
A Herlihy
NON-WINNERS MR50 TROT Stand
2500m
Fast
Memories
MR:2-15.9
61.4
A Herlihy
NON-WINNERS MR40 to MR50 Wk. TROT Stand
2500m
Fast
Whats Up The Hill
MR:2-14.1
63.8
A Herlihy
R50 TROT Stand
2200m
Fast
Play Fast And Loose
MR:2-10.0
61.0
- Breeding:
- 4 b g En Solitaire-Buono Gambe(by Revenue(SWE))
- Owner:
- M J Hjalmarsson
- Breeder:
- B W Crawford
- Comment:
- En Solitaire first starter. Trial/workout form moderate. Odds will be appealing.
Race Starts
R Fensom
NON-WINNERS MR47 to MR50 TROT Stand
2500m
Good
Quicksilva
MR:2-15.0
63.6
R Fensom
QUAL' TROT Stand
2500m
Fast
Whats Up The Hill
MR:2-11.3
62.1
R Fensom
NON-WINNERS MR40 to MR50 Wk. TROT Stand
2500m
Fast
Terabyte
MR:2-14.1
63.8
- Breeding:
- 5 ch m Love You-Be Seein Ya(by Monarchy) [Liaison 8g(Love You)]
- Owner:
- Mrs C McGowan
- Breeder:
- Mrs C McGowan
- Comment:
- Finished boldly to secure 18Mar placing. Consider in the Place Options again.
Starts
2
Wins
0
Seconds
0
Thirds
1
Lifetime Stakes
$1,023
Winning Stakes
$0
Win Dividend
$0.00
Place Dividend
$1.80
| Starts | Wins | Placings | Starts | Wins | Placings | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Weather | 2 | 0 | 1 | All Weather Slushy | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grass | 0 | 0 | 0 | Grass Wet | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Course | 1 | 0 | 1 | Distance | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Favourite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2nd Favourite | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mobile | 0 | 0 | 0 | Standing | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Left | 1 | 0 | 1 | Right | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Fresh90 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Fresh30 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Race Starts
D McGowan
25 days
2nd up
NON-WINNERS TROT Stand
2200m
Good
6/6
Boss Jo
MR:2-09.2
61.7
0.7L
5th inr,3-bk 1800,stout along mrks
D McGowan
NON-WINNERS MR47 to MR50 TROT Stand
2500m
Good
Quicksilva
MR:2-15.0
63.6
T Macfarlane
1st up
3YO+, NON-WINNERS with cond. SpecHcp TROT Stand
2200m
Fast
8/7
Travelin Soldier
MR:2-05.8
59.0
84L
Brk early,rough in rear,not a hope
I'LL CALL YOU - broke shortly after the start losing considerable ground. Broke again near the 1500m losing all chance.
T Macfarlane
NON-WINNERS MR50 Wk. TROT Stand
2500m
Fast
Kissmeiloveyou
MR:2-13.5
61.9
- Breeding:
- 3 br g Tactical Landing-Majestic Play(by Majestic Son)
- Owners:
- R Cole, D I Donaldson, Miss T J Hackett
- Breeder:
- Miss P M Hanley
- Gear:
- RD-Off, FD-On
- Comment:
- Resuming. Sure to be on the radar of punters after a tidy recent workout win.
Starts
7
Wins
0
Seconds
1
Thirds
0
Lifetime Stakes
$7,563
Winning Stakes
$0
Win Dividend
$0.00
Place Dividend
$1.36
| Starts | Wins | Placings | Starts | Wins | Placings | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Weather | 7 | 0 | 1 | All Weather Slushy | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Grass | 0 | 0 | 0 | Grass Wet | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Course | 1 | 0 | 1 | Distance | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Favourite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2nd Favourite | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mobile | 6 | 0 | 1 | Standing | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Left | 1 | 0 | 1 | Right | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Fresh90 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Fresh30 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Race Starts (Last 10)
B Hackett
NON-WINNERS MR44 to MR48 Wk. TROT Stand
2500m
Good
Two Francs
MR:2-12.3
59.6
T Mitchell
35 days
4th up
2YO MOB. TROT
1609m
Fast
7/8
Meant To Be
MR:1-58.9
58.0
7.2L
Wd,5th,3-bk otr bell,off,plggd,brk
FINAL APPROACH - broke approaching the 150m losing all chance.
T Mitchell
R45 & faster MOB. TROT
2050m
Fast
Illicit Love
MR:2-05.6
60.8
T Mitchell
14 days
3rd up
2YO MOB. TROT
2200m
Slushy
6/6
Pretty In Pink
MR:2-01.1
60.0
1.5L
5th,rear inr,off,stern late on mrks
FINAL APPROACH - pulled hard in the score up.
T Mitchell
21 days
2nd up
2YO MOB. TROT
1700m
Good
Ya Eejit Ya
MR:2-02.9
58.8
4.1L
Brk run-up,rear inr,off,bttld on wd
FINAL APPROACH - broke in the score up and was well back from the unruly position at dispatch.
T Mitchell
147 days
1st up
NON-WINNERS 2YO+ TROT Stand
2200m
Fast
3/4
And Remember Me
MR:2-04.8
58.0
46L
Botched the start,out of commission
FINAL APPROACH - broke shortly after the start losing its chance.
Z Butcher
NON-WINNERS 2YO MR47 & faster TROT Stand
2500m
Slushy
Pretty In Pink
MR:2-14.5
61.6
T Mitchell
14 days
3rd up
2YO MOB. TROT
1700m
Fast
6/6
Higher Power
MR:2-01.0
59.6
33L
Blew the score-up,never a live hope
FINAL APPROACH - broke in the score up losing all chance. Stood down to complete one mobile trial to the satisfaction of Stewards prior to resuming.
- Breeding:
- 3 b g Majestic Son-Splitting Image(by Monarchy)
- Owners:
- G A Rogerson, Mrs F M Charlesworth, M Waddy, L Te Keeti, Butterworth Racing Syndicate, Rod-Mar Syndicate, Michelle, Gary & Bailey Syndicate, P C Trevenen, L S Klock, C A Leishman
- Breeder:
- G A Rogerson, Bailey Rogerson Ltd
- Comment:
- Placed in a fresh state last campaign. 3rd in sole preparatory workout. Combos.
Starts
5
Wins
0
Seconds
0
Thirds
1
Lifetime Stakes
$3,553
Winning Stakes
$0
Win Dividend
$0.00
Place Dividend
$0.00
| Starts | Wins | Placings | Starts | Wins | Placings | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Weather | 5 | 0 | 1 | All Weather Slushy | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grass | 0 | 0 | 0 | Grass Wet | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Course | 1 | 0 | 0 | Distance | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Favourite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2nd Favourite | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mobile | 4 | 0 | 1 | Standing | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Left | 1 | 0 | 0 | Right | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| Fresh90 | 2 | 0 | 1 | Fresh30 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Race Starts
J Stormont
NON-WINNERS MR44 to MR48 Wk. TROT Stand
2500m
Good
Final Approach
MR:2-12.3
59.6
J Stormont
11 days
3rd up
NON-WINNERS 2YO+ TROT Stand
2200m
Good
2/2
Wind Of Change
MR:2-08.0
60L
Brk early 4th,brk again rear,done
SHARP IMAGE - broke entering the first turn hampering trailing runners and lost considerable ground. Broke again near the 900m losing all chance.
J Stormont
14 days
2nd up
2YO MOB. TROT
2200m
Fast
7/6
Ya Eejit Ya
MR:2-03.5
59.4
32L
Blew the start,tacked on,drppd out
SHARP IMAGE - broke at the start losing considerable ground. A warning was placed on the gelding's barrier manners. Weakened final turn.
J Stormont
119 days
1st up
2YO MOB. TROT
1700m
Fast
4/4
Ya Eejit Ya
MR:2-02.8
59.6
6.5L
Rough,4th inr,up prkd 500,bttld on
SHARP IMAGE - trotted roughly in the early stages having to be steadied losing ground.
D Ferguson
14 days
2nd up
2YO MOB. TROT
1700m
Fast
6/6
Meant To Be
MR:2-00.9
59.8
19L
Into trail early,lost ldrs bk,plggd
SHARP IMAGE - weakened in the run home.
D Ferguson
1st up
2YO MOB. TROT
1700m
Fast
4/4
Higher Power
MR:2-03.0
58.2
10L
Wd,4th inr,4-bk,1x1 900,no pick-up
- Breeding:
- 5 b g Father Patrick-Dutch Annie(by Continentalman) [Hillbilly 3g(What The Hill), Hot Pants 14m(Majestic Son), Kissmeimloaded 11m(Majestic Son), Nortie Nortie 6g(Andover Hall), Shady Sadie 12m(Majestic Son), The Player 9g(Majestic Son), Yagunnakissmeornot 13m(Love You)]
- Owners:
- C G O'Callaghan, R G Watton, Mrs C A Watton
- Breeder:
- Tardina Stud Limited
- Comment:
- Well related Father Patrick newcomer. Runner-up in latest trial. Keep safe.
Race Starts
B Hackett
NON-WINNERS MR47 to MR50 TROT Stand
2500m
Good
Quicksilva
MR:2-15.0
63.6
M Wallis
NON-WINNERS MR40 to MR50 Wk. TROT Stand
2500m
Fast
Isolate
MR:2-14.2
63.8
M Wallis
NON-WINNERS MR40 to MR50 TROT Stand
2500m
Fast
Maria Theresa
MR:2-10.5
62.8
- Breeding:
- 4 b g What The Hill-Teachers Pride(by Evander's Gold) [Gold Achiever 10g(Great Success), Mum's Pride 14g(Monarchy), Our Spitfire 9m(Majestic Son), Pretty Petite 6m(Majestic Son)]
- Owner:
- Mrs L M Neal
- Breeder:
- Woodlands Stud (NZ) Ltd
- Comment:
- Gutsy placing after an early error 4Mar. 2nd in a workout since. Place & combos.
Starts
5
Wins
0
Seconds
0
Thirds
2
Lifetime Stakes
$2,331
Winning Stakes
$0
Win Dividend
$0.00
Place Dividend
$0.00
| Starts | Wins | Placings | Starts | Wins | Placings | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Weather | 4 | 0 | 2 | All Weather Slushy | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grass | 1 | 0 | 0 | Grass Wet | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Course | 4 | 0 | 2 | Distance | 5 | 0 | 2 |
| Favourite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2nd Favourite | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Mobile | 1 | 0 | 0 | Standing | 4 | 0 | 2 |
| Left | 5 | 0 | 2 | Right | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Fresh90 | 2 | 0 | 1 | Fresh30 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Race Starts (Last 10)
L Neal
NON-WINNERS MR44 to MR48 Wk. TROT Stand
2500m
Good
Final Approach
MR:2-12.3
59.6
L Neal
30 days
3rd up
NON-WINNERS 3YO+ TROT Stand
2200m
Good
3/3
Sunny Robinson
MR:2-08.5
61.0
0.4L
Brk,tacked on,1x1 1200,wd 400,game
TWO FRANCS - broke at the start losing considerable ground. A final warning was placed on the gelding's barrier manners. Trotted roughly late in the run home having to be steadied.
L Neal
NON-WINNERS 2YO+ TROT Stand
2200m
Fast
Crazy
MR:2-08.8
59.4
L Neal
6 days
2nd up
NON-WINNERS & Up to R39 with cond. SpecHcp TROT Stand
2100m
Good
6/5
Rewiri Hill
MR:2-09.1
63.4
88L
Brk hopelessly start,out of action
TWO FRANCS - broke at the start and shifted inwards checking FIGHT FOR FREEDOM which fell to the track. A warning was placed on the gelding's barrier manners. Driver L Neal was unharmed in this incident.
L Neal
192 days
1st up
NON-WINNERS TROT Stand
2200m
Good
2/2
Skee Princess
MR:2-13.6
61.1
6.5L
4th,4-bk inr,1x1 bell,wd,bttld away
TWO FRANCS - lay in at various stages and in particular rounding the first and final turns.
L Neal
NON-WINNERS 3YO+ TROT Stand
2200m
Fast
Maleficence
MR:2-13.1
61.4
L Neal
14 days
2nd up
3YO+, NON-WINNERS with cond. SpecHcp TROT Stand
2200m
Good
7/9
Bolt For The Hill
MR:2-06.6
59.5
64L
Brk hopelessly early,out of action
TWO FRANCS - granted permission to have assistance from an attendant when parading prior to the start. Broke shortly after the start losing all chance.
L Neal
1st up
NON-WINNERS with cond. MOB. TROT
2200m
Fast
4/5
Majestic Bundy
MR:2-02.8
59.7
45L
Blew the dispatch,tailed off,done
TWO FRANCS - became fractious when parading and was given dispensation from the Starter to come forward onto the mobile early. Broke at the start losing all chance. A warning was placed on the gelding's barrier manners.